The coulomb (symbol: C) is the International System of Units (SI) unit of electric charge. It is the charge (symbol: Q or q) transported by a constant current of one ampere in one second: Thus, it is also the amount of excess charge on a capacitor of one farad charged to a potential difference of one volt. C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). C# was designed by Anders Hejlsberg, and its development team is currently led by Mads Torgersen. The most recent version is 8.0, which was released in 2019 alongside Visual Studio 2019 version 16.3.
A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each switch case.
Syntax
The syntax for a switch statement in C programming language is as follows −
The following rules apply to a switch statement −
Flow DiagramExample
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
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Arrays allow to define type of variables that can hold several data items of the same kind. Similarly structure is another user defined data type available in C that allows to combine data items of different kinds.
Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track of your books in a library. You might want to track the following attributes about each book −
Defining a Structure
To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than one member. The format of the struct statement is as follows −
The structure tag is optional and each member definition is a normal variable definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition. https://yfatiw.weebly.com/blog/onedrive-for-business-mac. At the end of the structure's definition, before the final semicolon, you can specify one or more structure variables but it is optional. https://yfatiw.weebly.com/torrenting-software-for-mac.html. Here is the way you would declare the Book structure −
Accessing Structure Members
To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.). The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the structure member that we wish to access. You would use the keyword struct to define variables of structure type. The following example shows how to use a structure in a program −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Structures as Function Arguments
You can pass a structure as a function argument in the same way as you pass any other variable or pointer.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Pointers to Structures
You can define pointers to structures in the same way as you define pointer to any other variable −
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Now, you can store the address of a structure variable in the above defined pointer variable. To find the address of a structure variable, place the '&'; operator before the structure's name as follows −
To access the members of a structure using a pointer to that structure, you must use the → operator as follows −
Let us re-write the above example using structure pointer.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Bit Fields
Bit Fields allow the packing of data in a structure. This is especially useful when memory or data storage is at a premium. Typical examples include −
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C allows us to do this in a structure definition by putting :bit length after the variable. For example −
Here, the packed_struct contains 6 members: Four 1 bit flags f1.f3, a 4-bit type and a 9-bit my_int.
C automatically packs the above bit fields as compactly as possible, provided that the maximum length of the field is less than or equal to the integer word length of the computer. If this is not the case, then some compilers may allow memory overlap for the fields while others would store the next field in the next word.
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